But, you might ask, how could Mount Everest be flooded?
There's not enough water on the earth to flood Mount Everest.
And you're absolutely right, because the Bible tells us that the mountains formed
rapidly at the end of the flood.
But then another question arises. Wouldn't that generate a lot of heat from this
process of friction? And yes it would, but this is fine.
How else would 90% of all the aquatic life die in a global flood?
So yes, there was a lot of heat generated, but it's not a problem.
The two most popular flood models of today both generate a lot of heat, but
both from different processes. You see, catastrophic plate tectonics generates the
heat from accelerated nuclear decay, and the hydroplate theory from the
production of radioactive elements. These are both easily resolved by just
removing two assumptions from each model. Walt Brown, who created the
hydroplate theory, believed that God did not create radioactive elements
before the flood. So all of the heat generated in his model came from the
creation of super heavy elements, which rapidly decayed into radioactive elements.
Remove that assumption and you no longer have that problem of heat. In the
catastrophic plate tectonics, they try to alter current radiochemical dating by
saying that nuclear decay of those elements sped up during the flood.
This creates massive amounts of heat, and there is simply no reason to invoke
this. The radioactive elements were simply moved around and reshuffled with
all of the other elements during the flood. They were neither created during
this event, nor went through accelerated nuclear decay at this event. Now, the
heat is only generated from friction, which heated the oceans, and much of
this heat was put into the atmosphere itself. Take a look at this
statement. A sudden exposure of the mantle to 70% of Earth's surface would
release enough heat energy to boil the oceans dry several times. This is
comparable to the statement, your oven has enough energy to set your curtains
fire. They are not on fire, so you don't have an oven. For comparison, the
tar bomber released more energy than all weapons and bombs in all wars
combined, yet nobody got killed. So two things are important. It's not only the
amount of energy that is involved that matters, but also the heat transport. In
other words, where is the heat? So heat transport then. How do we get heat from
here to there? Basically, there are only three ways to do that. Heat flow,
conduction and thermal radiation. It's possible to trap heat like heat inside
the Earth. Let's take a random example. Assume we have a large piece of rock and
suddenly parts of this rock gets molten for some reason. It expands a
little and now let's add water to it. And let's assume the rock contains
enough heat to boil all this water away. So the water then starts to boil at
some point and the lava is starting to cool down. The lava sinks slowly
causing some places where hot rock goes upward. And after a while a solid
layer forms on top of this molten rock and then eventually we would have a
situation where a solid layer isolates the hot molten rock from the water. So
we'd end up with trapped heat and still a lot of water on top. So for all
the oceans to evaporate, all heat must end up in the ocean, which does not
happen. So let's take a look at what will happen if continents shift quickly
exposing hot mantle material. Say the left is South America, the middle part
is lava. This is what is going to be the Atlantic Ocean and the right is
Africa. The lava is lighter than the solid rock, so it expands. Not only does
this boil the ocean away there, but it also pushes the ocean away there
because of the expansion. The result is that it would start to rain like
crazy in colder areas and that is on the continents. So we would have a
situation where the ocean is flooding the continents and the lava has a lot of
freedom to expose its heat to the sky in the universe. And the edge of the
continents, the water touches the hot lava enhancing the solidification
process there. Because it solidifies, it shrinks and becomes denser than the
continents, so it leaves more room for the water there. The molten lava is
being squeezed out horizontally and wants to flow on top of the solidified
lava, but there's water there so it also starts to solidify. So the water
is slowly pushing the molten lava towards the middle and eventually two
layers of solidified lava lean on each other and this causes a closing seam,
closing midpoint, which we identify today as a mid-oceanic ridge. When the crust
is solidified, it's still quite hot, about a thousand degrees Celsius. Then
conduction takes over for the cooling down process. We can also calculate
this. We have a formula that says that heat conduction per time is the
thermal conductivity times the area times the temperature difference on both
sides of the material divided by the thickness of the layer. To do this
properly, we must divide the materials up in smaller layers because each of
these layers have their own temperature and thus they have their own amount of
heat energy and their own conduction speed. All these layers give their
energy to their neighbors and only the top layers releases that energy to cool
the whole lot down. So we start with a lot of layers that are 1000 degrees
Celsius each, except for the top layer which is a room temperature. Remember
there's water on top which consumes a lot of heat. The layers are 50 meters
thick each and we're using a time interval of about 100 days to calculate
the conductivity step by step and we represent the temperature with colors.
Red is 1000 degrees Celsius, yellow is 500 and green is 20. Here we display a
layer of 7 kilometers thick. This is what it looks like after 90 years, 1,000
years, 2,000 years, 3,000 years, 4,000 years and let's stop at 4,500 years.
If we are looking at the Genesis flood, it could be that this is close to the
time that has passed since. There are uncertainties at when the flood year
was, which is a subject for another discussion, but let's just see what the
result is after 4,500 years. In this scenario all would have cooled down and
we would find the maximum of 590 degrees Celsius at 4,700 meters depth.
Remember we still have a lot of volcanic areas which are in the
basaltic oceanic crust, so conductivity is happening there. Since
these are still hot today and only a few kilometers depth, it means these
volcanic areas could not be millions of years old. This calculation shows that it
can only stay hot for thousands of years. Now when it comes to heat there
are some pretty weird phenomenons that come into play. One is a thermocline.
You may wonder how fish could survive such a scenario. Let's say we have
regions with hot water and regions with cold water. Then there are also
places where the hot water flows on top of the cold water. The hot water kills
the fishes. Yes we find a lot of dead fish in the geologic layers and the
fishes in the cold water can survive. The hot water is less dense than the
cold water. This causes that hot and cold water don't mix very well. This
causes a separation between hot and cold water layers and this separation is
called a thermocline. Important for fishes, but you don't need that
information for the rest of this presentation. Now the next issue is
power law creep. Power law creep is a process that causes rock to become
viscous without increase in temperature. How do you do that? Well let's assume we
have several layers of rock. We put pressure on it and we are going to push
the top layer sideways. That is called shear stress. Then the middle layer
will start to deform. In other words it changes shape. Now if you put a
gigantic shear stress on the top layer, the layer below dramatically changes
shape. This process is very strongly nonlinear and has to do with molecule
structures breaking up and crystalline surfaces sliding on top of each other.
It's very complex but it has been tested in the laboratory. You can
compare this with toothpaste. Toothpaste is solid until you put pressure on it
then it changes shape but it will become solid again as soon as the
pressure stops. This process reduces the viscosity of the rock up to 14
orders of magnitude and thus it's very strongly nonlinear. In very extreme
conditions solid rock can flow like water without increase in temperature.
The last weird phenomenon I'm going to show you is the crossover depth. We are
used to magma rising up because molten material has a lower density than the
same material in solid state. But it appears that molten rock is better
compressible than solid rock. So if you put a lot of pressure on lava it will
eventually become more dense than a solid rock. So magma that is very deep
inside the earth sinks. The point where this switches from rising to
sinking is called the crossover depth. Depending on a rock type the point
where this happens is between 200 and 400 kilometers. This phenomenon has also
been confirmed by multiple laboratory experiments and very importantly it
shows that magma cannot come from deeper than 400 kilometers. The
crossover depth is about here. This rapid subduction was the main source of
heat during the flood in my opinion. But how can we say that this happened?
Well we have evidence that this happened and happened fast by looking at
P-wave cross-section mantle tomography images. They show cold plates of Earth's
crust that have been subducted into Earth's core. This must have occurred
recently and rapidly and is the only way that could be where they are near
the hot molten core of the earth yet still have a cooler temperature from
the surrounding rock. So with fast mutation rates, low genetic diversity,
independent lines of ancestry with genetic borders and biological evidence
of a global bottleneck inside of all life with cold subducted slabs of
Earth's crust near the core with visual evidence that animals have no
problem inbreeding to repopulate and rapid speciation rates especially in an
empty world following a catastrophe. All of this points to one conclusion the
young earth creation biblical model of ancestry.
you